What is FTO-Coated Glass? – Properties and Applications

FTO-coated glass (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide coated glass) is a specialized type of conductive and transparent glass widely used in solar cells, touch panels, and smart windows. It combines high electrical conductivity with excellent optical transparency, making it ideal for optoelectronic applications. 

This article explains

What FTO-coated glass is 

• Its key properties
• Common applications
• Advantages over other conductive glasses

What is FTO-Coated Glass?

FTO-coated glass is made by depositing a thin layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO₂:F) onto a glass substrate. The fluorine doping enhances electrical conductivity while maintaining high transparency in the visible light spectrum.

How is FTO Glass Made?

The most common manufacturing methods include

• Spray Pyrolysis – A solution of tin chloride and fluorine is sprayed onto hot glass, forming a conductive layer.
• Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) – Gaseous precursors react to form a uniform FTO coating.
• Sputtering – A high-energy process where tin and fluorine ions are deposited onto glass in a vacuum.

Applications of FTO-Coated Glass

• Solar Cells (DSSC & Perovskite Solar Cells
• Used as the transparent electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) and Perovskite Solar Cells.
• Its rough surface helps improve light absorption.

Electrochromic & Smart Windows

Enables smart glass that changes transparency with voltage (used in energy-efficient buildings).

Touch Panels & Displays

Cheaper alternative to ITO in some resistive touchscreens.

Heating Elements

Used in defrosting windows (conductive coating generates heat when voltage is applied).

Gas Sensors & Transparent Electronics

Acts as a conductive substrate in gas detectors and flexible electronics.

Advantages Over Other Conductive Glasses

• More durable than ITO (less prone to cracking).
• Better for high-temperature processes (e.g., solar cell fabrication).
• Lower cost compared to ITO and silver-based coatings.
• Good light scattering due to surface roughness.

Conclusion:

FTO-coated glass is a versatile, cost-effective, and durable transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass. Its balance of conductivity, transparency, and thermal stability makes it essential for solar energy, smart windows, and touch panels.